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Astronomy

Astronomy


One of the most mysterious sciences for nowadays is astronomy. It has so many questions, which we can't answer, as any other one. People often asked themselves, how life came into existence, how the sources of light formed, whether we are alone as intelligent beings in the space. Astronomers are trying to answer these big questions and to capture the entire history of the universe. Astronomy's achievements are widespread using in geology and biology, geography and history.

The main knowledge about universe astronomers gets using optical instruments – telescopes. The first telescope was invented by Galileo in 1610. Using it scientists already made great discoveries in that period of time. To get more information about the universe, mechanism of appearance and evolution of stars, galaxies and planet's systems scientists started to create more powerful telescopes with higher resolution and higher dispersion spectroscopy at rapid cadence.

The biggest telescopes of our century are: Southern African Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope, Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope, Over Whelmingly Large Telescope, Hubble Space Telescope, KECK I, KECK II, VLT, GEMINI North, GEMINI South, LBT, HET, MMT, MAGEL, LAN, BTA, SAO, RAN, GTC.

Thanks to such telescope as the Hubble Space Telescope (international cooperative project between NASA and the European Space Agency), we broadened our knowledge about the universe, reconsidered prior theories and found new ones, which more fully explain astronomic phenomenon. The Hubble Space Telescope absorbed all achievements of our civilization. It has been already 16 years in space. The telescope must be repair, and if astronomers could not mend it, telescope will be disabling.

It was made ten important revelations in astronomy with the help of the Hubble Space Telescope. New parts of universe, received by this telescope, allowed perceiving the first galaxies, which appeared about 13 milliards years ago. The Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and the National Radio Astronomical Observatory joined to produce composite image of galaxy cluster. These galaxies appeared, when the universe was 700 millions years old. They are smaller than today's giant galaxies and have bluish color. Many people think that galaxies are collections of stars; astronomers define them as large clusters of dark matter in which stars are relative latecomers.

It was ascertained, that the middle age of the most distant galaxies fluctuating near 50 – 300 millions years old, i.e. this is a quite young galaxy's cluster, which contained dozens of galaxies held together by gravity. In the middle of this cluster there is a big black hole, which contains more then billion solar masses. Dwarfish systems helped for big galaxy's formation. Combined into one, they assisted the appearance of big star's island. The discoveries were made within the projects of Hubble Ultra Deep Field and Great Observatory Origins Deep Survey Fields (Hollowey 30).

Thanks to powerful telescope in 2005 astronomers discovered one of the largest dwarf planets, which get name – Eris. The diameter of this planet is 2400 km, which is little larger than Pluto's. It needs almost 557 years to orbit the Sun. Eris is very distant from the Earth, that's why to observe it we need a very powerful telescope and astronomy experience.

Using the Hubble Space Telescope astronomers were also succeeded to specify the characteristics of universe, which existed before only in our imagination, to answer the fundamental questions that people attempted to resolve over the centuries.




Works cited
Hollowey. "The discoveries of Hubble Space Telescope". In the Science's World 10 (2006): 27-33.

Posted by: SANDBERG FAITH SMITH

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